Isahluko sokuqala
2.5 izinga lokulahla
Izakhiwo kanye nenani 2.5.1 ucingo oluphukile
Idizayini iyonke yemishini yokuphakamisa ayivumeli intambo yocingo ukuthi ibe nesikhathi sempilo esingapheli.
Ezintamboni ezinezintambo eziyisi-6 nemicu engu-8, intambo ephukile ngokuvamile ivela ngokubukeka. Ngezintambo eziningi zezintambo, izintambo zocingo (izakhiwo eziphindaphindayo ezijwayelekile) zihlukile, futhi iningi lale ntambo yocingo oluphukile ucingo lwenzeka ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke ukuphuka "okungabonakali".
Uma ihlanganiswa nezinto ezisuka ku-2.5.2 kuya ku-2.5.11, ingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezintambo zocingo.
Intambo ephukile ekugcineni kwentambo engu-2.5.2
Lapho ucingo luphela noma eduze kocingo luphukile, ngisho noma inombolo incane kakhulu, kubonisa ukuthi ukucindezeleka kuphezulu kakhulu. Kungase kubangelwe ukufakwa okungalungile kokuphela kwentambo, futhi imbangela yomonakalo kufanele itholakale. Uma ubude bezintambo buvunyelwe, indawo yocingo oluphukile kufanele inqunywe futhi ifakwe futhi.
Ukuhlanganisa kwasendaweni kwezintambo eziphukile ezingu-2.5.3
Uma izintambo eziphukile zisondelene ukuze zenze ukuhlanganisa kwendawo, intambo yocingo kufanele ichithwe. Uma intambo ephukile ingaphakathi kobude obungaphansi kuka-6D noma igxile kunoma iyiphi intambo, intambo yocingo kufanele ichithwe ngisho noma isibalo sezintambo eziphukile singaphansi kwaso ohlwini.
Izinga lokukhuphuka lika-2.5.4 wezintambo eziphukile
Kwezinye izimo, ukukhathala kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokulimala kwentambo yocingo, futhi ucingo oluphukile luqala ukubonakala kuphela ngemva kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, kodwa inani locingo oluphukile likhula kancane kancane, futhi isikhathi saso sifushane futhi sifushane. Kulesi simo, ukuze kunqunywe izinga lokukhuphuka kocingo oluphukile, ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela nokuqoshwa kokuphulwa kocingo kufanele kwenziwe. Ukuhlonza lo “mthetho” kungasetshenziswa ukunquma usuku lwentambo yocingo exetshulwa ngokuzayo.
2.5.5 ukunqamuka kwentambo
Uma umucu ugqashuka, intambo yocingo kufanele ichithwe.
Ukuncipha kobubanzi bentambo okubangelwa ukulimala kwenkambo yentambo ku-2.5.6
Lapho i-fiber core yentambo yocingo yonakele noma i-strand yangaphakathi ye-core core (noma i-strand yangaphakathi yesakhiwo esinezingqimba eziningi iphukile), ububanzi bezintambo buncishiswa kakhulu, futhi intambo yocingo kufanele ichithwe.
Umonakalo omncane, ikakhulukazi lapho ingcindezi yazo zonke izintambo ibhalansi kahle, ingase ingabonakali ngendlela evamile yokuhlola. Nokho, lesi simo sizobangela ukuba amandla entambo yocingo anciphe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, noma yiziphi izimpawu zokulimala okuncane kwangaphakathi kufanele zihlolwe ngaphakathi kwentambo yocingo ukuze kubonakale. Uma umonakalo usuqinisekisiwe, intambo yocingo kufanele ichithwe.
2.5.7 ukunciphisa ukunwebeka
Kwezinye izimo (ngokuvamile ezihlobene nendawo yokusebenza), ukunwebeka kwentambo yocingo kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi ngeke kuphephe ukuqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa.
Kunzima ukubona ukunwebeka kwentambo yocingo. Uma umhloli enokungabaza, kufanele athintane nochwepheshe bezintambo zocingo. Kodwa-ke, ukuncipha kwe-elasticity kuvame ukuhambisana nezimo ezilandelayo:
Ububanzi bentambo A. buncishisiwe.
Ibanga lentambo yocingo B. lenziwe side.
C. ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye zicindezelwe ngokuqinile phakathi komunye nomunye, alikho igebe phakathi kocingo nomucu.
Kukhona impushana ensundu entanjeni ye-D.
Nakuba kungekho ntambo ephukile eyatholwa ku-E., intambo yocingo ngokusobala yayingelula ukugoba futhi nobubanzi behla, okwakushesha kakhulu kunalokho okubangelwa ukugqokwa kwezintambo zensimbi. Lesi simo sizobangela ukuphuka okungazelelwe ngaphansi kwesenzo somthwalo oguquguqukayo, ngakho-ke kufanele sikhishwe ngokushesha.
Ukugqokwa kwangaphandle nangaphakathi kwe-2.5.8
Amacala amabili okuhuzuka akhiqizwa:
Ukugqokwa kwangaphakathi nemigodi yengcindezi ku-a.
Lokhu kungenxa yokungqubuzana phakathi kwentambo nocingo entanjeni, ikakhulukazi uma intambo yocingo igobile.
Ukugqokwa kwangaphandle kwe-B.
Ukuguga kwentambo yensimbi endaweni engaphandle yentambo yocingo kubangelwa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwentambo nomsele we-pulley kanye nesigubhu ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngesikhathi sokusheshisa nokunyakaza kokunciphisa, ukuxhumana phakathi kwentambo yocingo kanye ne-pulley kubonakala kakhulu, futhi ucingo lwangaphandle lwensimbi lugaya lube yisimo sendiza.
Ukugcotshwa okunganele noma ukugcotshwa okungalungile kanye nothuli nesihlabathi kusakhulisa ukuguga.
Ukugqoka kunciphisa indawo eyingxenye yentambo yocingo futhi kunciphisa amandla. Lapho intambo yensimbi yangaphandle ifinyelela ku-40% wobubanzi bayo, intambo yocingo kufanele ichithwe.
Uma ububanzi bentambo yocingo buncishiswa ngo-7% noma ngaphezulu kunobubanzi obujwayelekile, noma ngabe alukho ucingo oluphukile, intambo yocingo kufanele ichithwe.
Ukugqwala kwangaphandle nangaphakathi kwe-2.5.9
Ukugqwala kujwayele ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezingcolile zasolwandle noma ezimbonini. Akugcini nje ukunciphisa indawo yensimbi yentambo yocingo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise amandla okuphuka, kodwa futhi kubangela indawo enzima futhi iqale ukuthuthukisa imifantu futhi isheshise ukukhathala. Ukugqwala okukhulu kuzobangela nokunwebeka kwentambo yocingo kwehle.
Ukugqwala kwangaphandle kwe-2.5.9.1
Ukugqwala kocingo lwensimbi lwangaphandle kungabonwa ngeso lenyama. Lapho umgodi ojulile uvela phezulu futhi ucingo lwensimbi luxega, kufanele lukhishwe.
Ukugqwala kwangaphakathi kwe-2.5.9.2
Ukugqwala kwangaphakathi kunzima kakhulu ukukubona kunokugqwala kwangaphandle okuvame ukuhambisana nakho. Nokho, lezi zenzakalo ezilandelayo zingabonakala:
Ukushintsha kobubanzi bentambo yocingo engu-A. Ububanzi bentambo yocingo engxenyeni egotshwayo ezungeze i-pulley ngokuvamile buncane. Kodwa ngentambo yensimbi emile, ububanzi bentambo yocingo ngokuvamile buyanda ngenxa yokunqwabelana kokugqwala emicu yangaphandle.
Igebe phakathi kwentambo yangaphandle yentambo engu-B. liyancipha, futhi ukugqashuka kwentambo phakathi kwentambo yangaphandle kuvame ukwenzeka.
Uma kukhona uphawu lokugqwala kwangaphakathi, umphathi kufanele enze ukuhlola kwangaphakathi kwezintambo zocingo. Uma kunokugqwala okukhulu kwangaphakathi, intambo yocingo kufanele ichithwe ngokushesha.
2.5.10 ukuguquguquka
Intambo yocingo ilahlekelwa isimo sayo esivamile futhi ikhiqize ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo. Le ngxenye yokuguquguquka (noma ingxenye yomumo) ingase ibangele izinguquko, okuzoholela ekusakazweni kwengcindezi okungalingani ngaphakathi kwentambo yocingo.
I-deformation yentambo yocingo ingahlukaniswa nokubukeka.
2.5.10.1 umumo wegagasi
Ukuguqulwa kwegagasi ukuthi: i-axis yobude bentambo yocingo yakha umumo ovunguzayo. Lokhu kuguqulwa akuholeli kunoma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa amandla, kodwa uma ukuguqulwa kubi kakhulu, kuzodala ukushaya futhi kubangele ukudluliswa okungajwayelekile. Isikhathi eside sizodala ukuguga nokunqanyulwa.
Uma ukuma kwegagasi kwenzeka, ubude bentambo yocingo abukho ngaphezu kwama-25d.