Isahluko sokuqala
2.5 umgangatho wokulahla
Iipropati kunye nobungakanani be-2.5.1 ucingo oluphukileyo
Uyilo lonke loyilo lomatshini wokunyusela aluvumeli intambo yocingo ukuba ibenobomi obungenasiphelo.
Kwintambo yocingo kunye neentambo ezi-6 kunye neentambo ezi-8, ucingo oluphukileyo luvela ngokubonakalayo. Kwiintambo ezininzi zeentambo, iintambo zocingo (izakhiwo eziqhelekileyo zokuphindaphinda) zihluke, kwaye uninzi lwale ntambo yocingo oluphukileyo lwenzeka ngaphakathi, kwaye ngoko "kungabonakali" ukuphuka.
Xa idityaniswe nezinto ukusuka ku-2.5.2 ukuya ku-2.5.11, ingafakwa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeentambo zocingo.
Ucingo olwaphukileyo ekupheleni kwentambo ye-2.5.2
Xa ucingo luphela okanye kufuphi nocingo luphukile, nokuba inani lincinci kakhulu, libonisa ukuba uxinzelelo luphezulu kakhulu. Inokubangelwa ukufakwa okungalunganga kokuphela kwentambo, kwaye imbangela yomonakalo kufuneka ifunyanwe. Ukuba ubude bentambo buvunyelwe, indawo yocingo oluphukileyo kufuneka inqunywe kwaye ifakwe kwakhona.
I-aggregation yendawo ye-2.5.3 yocingo oluphukileyo
Ukuba iingcingo ezophukileyo zisondelelene ukwenza udityaniso lwendawo, intambo yocingo kufuneka ilulwe. Ukuba ucingo oluqhekekileyo luphakathi kobude obungaphantsi kwe-6D okanye lugxininiswe kuyo nayiphi na intambo, intambo yocingo kufuneka ikhutshwe nokuba inani leentambo ezaphukileyo lingaphantsi kweloluhlu.
Izinga lokunyuka kwe-2.5.4 ucingo oluphukileyo
Kwezinye iimeko, ukukhathala kuyimbangela ephambili yokulimala kwentambo, kwaye ucingo oluphukile luqala ukubonakala kuphela emva kwexesha lokusetyenziswa, kodwa inani locingo oluphukileyo landa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ixesha layo lifutshane kwaye lifutshane. Kule meko, ukwenzela ukuba unqume izinga lokunyuka kocingo oluphukileyo, ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kunye nokurekhodwa kokuqhawula ucingo kufuneka kwenziwe. Ukuchonga lo "mgaqo" unokusetyenziselwa ukumisela umhla wentambo yocingo echithwayo kwixesha elizayo.
2.5.5 ikhefu lomtya
Ukuba intambo iyaphuka, intambo yocingo kufuneka ichithwe.
Ukuncipha kwedayimitha yentambo ebangelwa ngumonakalo wentambo yentambo kwi-2.5.6
Xa i-fiber core yentambo yocingo yonakaliswe okanye i-strand yangaphakathi yentsimbi yentsimbi (okanye i-strand yangaphakathi yesakhiwo se-multi-layer iphukile), ububanzi bentambo buyancipha kakhulu, kwaye intambo yocingo kufuneka ichithwe.
Umonakalo omncinci, ngakumbi xa uxinzelelo lwazo zonke iintambo lulungelelene kakuhle, lusenokungabonakali ngendlela eqhelekileyo yovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, le meko iya kubangela ukuba amandla entambo yocingo ancitshiswe kakhulu. Ngoko ke, naziphi na iimpawu zomonakalo omncinci wangaphakathi kufuneka zihlolwe ngaphakathi kwintambo yocingo ukuze zichongwe. Emva kokuba umonakalo uqinisekisiwe, intambo yocingo kufuneka ichithwe.
2.5.7 ukuncipha kwe-elasticity
Kwezinye iimeko (ngokuqhelekileyo zihambelana nendawo yokusebenza), i-elasticity yentambo yocingo iya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye iya kuba ingakhuselekanga ukuqhubeka ukuyisebenzisa.
Kunzima ukubona ukunwebeka kwentambo yocingo. Ukuba umhloli unawo nawaphi na amathandabuzo, kufuneka adibane nengcali yentambo yocingo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuncipha kwe-elasticity kuhlala kukhatshwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:
Ubukhulu bentambo ye-A. buncitshisiwe.
Umgama wentambo ye-B. woluliwe.
C. ngenxa yokuba iindawo zixinzelelwe ngokuqinileyo phakathi komnye nomnye, akukho msantsa phakathi kocingo kunye ne-strand.
Kukho umgubo omdaka ocolekileyo kwintambo ye-D.
Nangona kungekho cingo luphukileyo lufunyenweyo kwi-E., intambo yocingo ngokucacileyo yayingelula ukugoba kwaye i-diameter yancipha, eyayikhawuleza kakhulu kunoko kubangelwa ukunxitywa kwentsimbi yentsimbi. Le meko iya kubangela ukuphuka ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwesenzo somthwalo onamandla, ngoko kufuneka ichithwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ukunxiba kwangaphandle nangaphakathi kwe-2.5.8
Iimeko ezimbini zokulimala ziveliswa:
Ukunxiba kwangaphakathi kunye nemingxuma yoxinzelelo kwi.
Oku kubangelwa ukungqubana phakathi kwentambo kunye nocingo kwintambo, ngakumbi xa intambo yocingo igobile.
Isinxibo sangaphandle sikaB.
Ukunxiba kocingo lwentsimbi kumphezulu ongaphandle wentambo yocingo kubangelwa kukudityaniswa koqhagamshelwano phakathi kwentambo kunye negroove yepulley kunye nedrum phantsi koxinzelelo. Ngethuba lokunyuka kwesantya kunye nokunciphisa, ukudibanisa phakathi kwentambo yocingo kunye ne-pulley kubonakala kakhulu, kwaye ucingo lwangaphandle lwentsimbi lugaya kwimilo yendiza.
Ukungathobi ngokwaneleyo okanye ukuthambisa okungachanekanga kunye nothuli nesanti zisenyusa ukuguga.
Ukunxiba kunciphisa indawo yecandelo lentambo yocingo kwaye kunciphisa amandla. Xa ucingo lwentsimbi lwangaphandle lufikelela kwi-40% yobubanzi bayo, intambo yocingo kufuneka ichithwe.
Xa i-diameter yentambo yocingo iyancipha nge-7% okanye ngaphezulu kwe-diameter ye-nominal, nokuba akukho cingo oluphukileyo lufunyenweyo, intambo yocingo kufuneka ikhutshwe.
Ukonakala kwangaphandle nangaphakathi kwe-2.5.9
Umhlwa kudla ngokubakho kwiindawo ezingcolisekileyo zaselwandle okanye kwimizi-mveliso. Ayigcini nje ukunciphisa indawo yentsimbi yentambo yocingo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa amandla okuqhawula, kodwa ibangela ukuba umhlaba ube rhabaxa kwaye uqale ukuphuhlisa iintanda kunye nokukhawuleza ukukhathala. Umhlwa omandundu nawo uya kubangela ukunwebeka kwentambo yocingo kwehle.
Ukonakala kwangaphandle kwe-2.5.9.1
I-corrosion yocingo lwangaphandle lwentsimbi lunokubonwa ngeso lenyama. Xa umngxuma onzulu ubonakala kumphezulu kwaye ucingo lwentsimbi lukhululekile, kufuneka luchithwe.
Ukonakala kwangaphakathi kwe-2.5.9.2
Umhlwa wangaphakathi kunzima kakhulu ukuwubona kunomhlwa wangaphandle osoloko uhamba nawo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziganeko zilandelayo zinokuchongwa:
Ukutshintsha kobubanzi bentambo yocingo A.. Idayamitha yentambo yocingo kwindawo egobayo ejikeleze ipuli idla ngokuba yincinci. Kodwa kwintambo yentsimbi ye-static, ububanzi bentambo yocingo buvame ukwanda ngenxa yokuqokelela i-rust kwimicu yangaphandle.
Umsantsa phakathi kwentambo yangaphandle ye-B. yentambo iyehla, kwaye ukuqhawuka kocingo phakathi kwentambo yangaphandle kuhlala kwenzeka.
Ukuba kukho naluphi na uphawu lokubola kwangaphakathi, umphathi kufuneka enze uhlolo lwangaphakathi lweentambo zocingo. Ukuba kukho umhlwa onzulu wangaphakathi, intambo yocingo kufuneka ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza.
2.5.10 deformation
Intambo yocingo ilahlekelwa yimo yayo eqhelekileyo kwaye ivelise ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo. Le ndawo yoguqulo (okanye imilo) inokubangela utshintsho, oluya kukhokelela kuxinzelelo olungalinganiyo phakathi kwentambo yocingo.
I-deformation yentambo yocingo inokuhlukaniswa kwimbonakalo.
2.5.10.1 imilo yamaza
I-deformation ye-wave yile: i-axis ye-longitudinal yentambo yentambo yenza i-spiral shape. Olu tshintsho alukhokeli kuyo nayiphi na ilahleko yamandla, kodwa ukuba i-deformation inzulu, iya kubangela ukubetha kwaye ibangele ukuhanjiswa okungaqhelekanga. Ixesha elide liza kubangela ukugqoka kunye nokuqhawula.
Xa imilo yamaza isenzeka, ubude bentambo yocingo abukho ngaphezu kwe-25d.