Imiterere rusange yinganda zizamura
Inganda zo kuzamura mu Bushinwa zateye imbere mu myaka irenga 60. Uruganda rukora inzitizi rwahindutse igihugu kinini gikora inzitizi n’igihugu kinini gikoreshwa na lift. Ubushobozi bwo gukora buri mwaka bwa lift bugera kuri miriyoni yibice.
Iterambere ry’inganda zizamura rifitanye umubano utandukanijwe niterambere ryubukungu bwigihugu ndetse niterambere ryisoko ryimitungo itimukanwa. Nyuma yivugurura no gufungura, umusaruro wa lift uzamuka mubushinwa umaze kwiyongera inshuro ijana kandi itangwa ryageze ku nshuro mirongo itanu. Biteganijwe ko muri 2014 hazaba hari lift zigera ku bihumbi 540 mu bicuruzwa no kwamamaza mu mwaka wa 2014, bikaba ahanini ari nko muri 2013, kandi bizakomeza kuyobora ibihugu byateye imbere cyane mu Burayi no muri Amerika.
Kugeza ubu, nubwo impushya nyinshi z’ibigo zabaye ku muvuduko wa 7M / S cyangwa hejuru yazo, Abashinwa bakoze inzitizi ahanini ni lift zitwara abagenzi zifite metero 5 ku isegonda, ibisobanuro bitandukanye byo gutwara lift, kuzamura ingendo ziri munsi ya metero 2,5 ku isegonda, inzitizi z’ubuvuzi zo mu rugo zirwaye , escalator, inzira nyabagendwa, hamwe na villa yo munzu, inzu idasanzwe nibindi.
Ubwa mbere, uko ibintu bimeze muri iki gihe hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya lift mu gihugu no hanze yacyo
Kuva havuka lift ya mbere kwisi imaze imyaka irenga ijana, lift yo mubushinwa ifite imyaka irenga 60 yumusaruro.
Kugeza ubu, kuzamura isi ni amasoko 90% ku isi, Uburayi, Amerika n'Ubushinwa. Ibirango bizwi cyane mumahanga ni Abanyamerika Otis, Abasuwisi Schindler, Umudage Thyssen Krupp, Finlande Tongli, MITSUBISHI Yayapani na Hitachi Yayapani, nibindi. Izi nganda zifite umugabane munini kwisi, cyane cyane isoko ryohejuru. Kandi yamye ifata isoko ryihuta ryisoko.
Iterambere ry’Ubushinwa ryabaye inzitizi nini ku isi mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri na rimwe, ariko icyuma cy’Ubushinwa cyahoze ari isoko ryo gutanga isoko ryo mu gihugu imbere. Kugeza ubu, muri buri lift ibihumbi 500, ibirango bitandatu by’amahanga mu Bushinwa byagurishije kimwe cya kabiri cy’isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, ibindi bikoresho magana atanu cyangwa magana atandatu bikorerwa mu Bushinwa. Uruganda rwurwego rufite igice cya kabiri cyisoko gisigaye, kandi igipimo gihwanye numusaruro rusange nigurishwa ryumushinga uhuriweho ninganda ijana zo murugo hamwe nibirango byamahanga.
Mu Bushinwa, nyuma y’urutonde rwa lift ya Kang Li mu Isoko ry’imigabane rya Shenzhen, amasosiyete ane yashyizwe ku rutonde. Nibikoresho bya lift ya Suzhou Kang Li, icyuma cya Suzhou Jiangnan Jiajie, icyuma cya Shenyang bolt, ububiko bwumunsi wa Guangzhou Guangzhou, naho ibice bya lift bizashyirwa ku rutonde ni uruzi rwa Yangtze rwiza, igihe gishya hamwe n’imashini ya Hui Chuan. Amashanyarazi.
Ibigo bine by’Ubushinwa byashyizwe ku isoko ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, hafi 1/4, hafi ibihumbi 150 by’umusaruro n’igurisha buri mwaka; ibindi bigo bigera kuri 600 bizamura inganda mu Bushinwa (harimo amazina y’ibigo bisa n’inganda zikora inganda zo mu mahanga) zisangiye isoko ry’amashanyarazi miliyoni 10-15 zisigaye, impuzandengo yo kugurisha 200 buri mwaka, nini nini Igurishwa ni hafi 15000, kandi umubare muto wo kugurisha ni ibice birenga 20 byagurishijwe muri 2014.
Isesengura ryamakuru, USA Otis, Umusuwisi Schindler, Umudage Thyssen Krupp, Finlande Tongli, Ubuyapani MITSUBISHI n’Ubuyapani Hitachi ibicuruzwa bitandatu mu Bushinwa byagurishijwe miliyoni 250 -30, icyuma cya Suzhou Kang Li, icyuma cya Suzhou Jiangnan Jiajie, icyuma cya Shenyang, imigabane yumunsi yose hamwe ibihumbi 150; ibindi bigo bigurisha ibihumbi 10-150.
Mu byiciro bya lift zose zo mu Bushinwa, kugurisha inzovu zitwara abagenzi bifite umwanya munini, hafi 70% y’ibicuruzwa byose byaguzwe, ibice bigera ku bihumbi 380, bikurikirwa na lift itwara hamwe na escalator hafi 20%, naho 10% isigaye ireba inzitizi, inzitizi zubuvuzi hamwe na villa.
Babiri. Ibiranga tekinoroji ya lift mu gihugu no hanze yacyo
Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji ya lift iranga ku isoko rya lift ku isi ahanini ishingiye ku buhanga bwo kuzamura abagenzi. Ikoranabuhanga rya lift itwara abagenzi igenzura umugabane wisoko ryo murwego rwohejuru hamwe nubuhanga bwa tekinoroji yihuta. Kugeza ubu, umuvuduko mwinshi cyane ku isi ni metero 28.5 ku isegonda, uhwanye na kilometero 102 mu isaha, naho umuvuduko mwinshi wa lift zo mu ngo muri iki gihe ni 7 m / sek, uhwanye na km 25 mu isaha.
2.1. Ubushakashatsi burebure bwikoranabuhanga rya lift ku isi
Umwanya muremure wubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga rya lift ku isi ni tekinoroji yo kwimura inzitizi ku nyubako ndende. Ubushakashatsi bw'ikoranabuhanga bwatangiye mu 1970. Bumaze imyaka 45 bukorwa ubushakashatsi, kandi abashakashatsi bo mu Burayi, Amerika n'Ubuyapani ntacyo bagezeho.
2.2 ikoranabuhanga ryihuta cyane kwisi
Iterambere ryihuse ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yisi yose ni microcomputer igenzurwa na tekinoroji ya VVVF. Nyuma yo gukoreshwa muri 90 mu kinyejana gishize, hafi ya lift zose zihagaritse zikoresha microcomputer hamwe na tekinoroji ya VVVF.
2.3 ibitekerezo byinshi bya tekinoroji ya lift
Ikoranabuhanga ryiza cyane cyane kwisi ni lift kuva kwisi ikagera kuri sitasiyo hamwe na tekinoroji ya lift ikava ku isi ikageza ku kwezi.
2.4 ishobora kuzamuka cyane mubushinwa mumyaka itanu iri imbere
Ikoranabuhanga rya lift rishobora kuba ryatezwa imbere mubushinwa ni ingufu za lift zibika ingufu hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutanga amashanyarazi budahagarara. Lifator ihuye na gahunda y’ibikorwa by’iterambere ry’ingufu z’igihugu mu mwaka wa 2014-2020. Nyuma yo kuzamurwa mu ntera, kuzigama ingufu za lift bizagira uruhare mu kuzigama ingufu z’amashanyarazi atatu (kuzamura kuzamura ingufu mu kuzigama ingufu, kuzigama ingufu buri mwaka bizaba nyuma yimyaka itanu. ”Kugera kuri dogere zigera kuri miliyari 150). Ikindi kintu kiranga ikoranabuhanga nigikorwa cya lift itera imbaraga zidashobora guhagarara zishobora kwomekwa, kandi irashobora gukomeza gukora mubisanzwe mugihe kirenze isaha imwe nyuma yo kubura amashanyarazi. Ikoranabuhanga rigizwe n’ibintu byinshi byatanzwe na Ningbo ubururu bwa Fuji Elevator Co., Ltd, kandi byatangiye gutera inkunga inganda zimwe na zimwe zo kuzamura muri Shanghai na Shanghai.
2.5 Tekinoroji yo kuzamura Ubushinwa ishobora gukoreshwa ku isi mu myaka icumi iri imbere
Mu myaka icumi iri imbere, uburyo bushoboka bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya lift mu Bushinwa ni "tekinoroji yo hejuru yo kubaka umuriro wo kwimura umuriro". Inyubako ku isi ziragenda ziba ndende, Harry Fatah Da, inyubako ndende i Dubai.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-04-2019