Ubukungu bw’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa bumaze gutera imbere byihuse mu myaka irenga mirongo itatu, kandi bwinjiye mu gice cya kabiri gikomeye mu bukungu. Iterambere ryihuse ry’ubukungu ryazanye imbaraga nyinshi ku isoko ry’imitungo y’Ubushinwa, bituma isoko ry’imitungo riba ryinshi kandi ryiyongera buhoro buhoro.
Haba hari igicucu mubiciro byamazu y'Ubushinwa? Umuhanga mu by'ubukungu Xie Guozhong yerekana ko igituba kinini kandi kimaze kwinjira ku isoko ry’imitungo itimukanwa, kandi abahanga mu bukungu benshi bagaragaza ko igituba kidakomeye kandi ko kitazinjira aho gifatika.
Mubyukuri, kubiciro byamazu, ibihugu byose kwisi bifite uburyo bumwe bwo kubara, ni ukuvuga, igiciro kinini kumuntu atarya cyangwa anywa imyaka icumi yinjiza arashobora kugura inzu, niba aribwo kwishyura. ni imyaka makumyabiri gusa usibye amafaranga yakoreshejwe burimunsi arashobora kwishyura inguzanyo; kandi intera iri munzu iri mumasaha yisaha na bisi. Mugere. Noneho turashobora kubara umuturage yinjiza nintera yakazi ya buri mujyi, kandi uzamenya igiciro cyinzu. Kurugero, akarere k'ishuri ryisumbuye i Beijing ubu kagera kuri metero kare 300.000. Kandi igiciro cyicyumba cyakarere kishuri ni kinini kuburyo amafaranga yumuntu ugura inzu agomba kuba arenga miliyoni 3 yumushahara we wumwaka mbere yuko ayigura.
Noneho reba imibare, nk'intangiriro y'ibarurishamibare ry'ibiciro by'inzu ya Beijing, ni uruhande rwa kabiri rw'impeta y'ibiciro by'inzu, hanyuma umutungo utimukanwa wagutse vuba, uhita ubara imibare kugeza ku mpeta eshatu n'impeta enye n'impeta eshanu kugeza uyu munsi harimo ikigereranyo cy'igiciro cy'amazu mu nkengero za Beijing. Birasa nkaho ibiciro byamazu bitazamuka neza, ariko mubyukuri, ibiciro byamazu murwego rwa kabiri byazamutse inshuro zirenga icumi cyangwa zirenga mumyaka icumi ishize, kandi amafaranga ntabwo ashobora kugera ku icumi. Ibi birashobora kugereranwa nigiciro cyinzu hamwe n’ikinyuranyo cyinjira.
Reba muri Shanghai, hashize imyaka icumi, isoko nyamukuru ryimitungo yari murwego rwimbere, kandi igiciro cyamazu cyari munsi yibihumbi icumi. Noneho igiciro cyamazu mumuzinga w'imbere ntigishobora kuba munsi yibihumbi ijana. Ubwiyongere bumwe burenze inshuro icumi.
Urebye ku isoko ryimitungo itimukanwa, byanze bikunze, dukeneye kubona isano iri hagati yo gutanga nibisabwa, kuko hari isoko nibisabwa ku isoko. Kugeza ubu, mu gihugu hari amazu agera kuri miliyoni 100 adafite amazu n’ibyumba by’imigabane. Ibyo bivuze iki? Yavuze ko amazu y’ingo miliyoni ijana ashobora gukemuka, kandi amazu ahendutse nayo azateza imbere miliyoni z’amazu uyu mwaka. Biteganijwe ko amaseti miliyoni ijana azagerwaho mu mpera zumwaka.
Reka turebe abitezimbere. Kugeza ubu, abaterankunga benshi bimuye iterambere ry’imbere mu isoko ry’imitungo itimukanwa yo hanze, kandi amafaranga nayo yarasohotse.
Urebye ku isoko ry'ubutaka, igipimo cyo gufata amashusho ku butaka cyiyongera buri gihe, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko isoko rikenewe na ryo rigabanuka buhoro buhoro.
Hariho ibintu byinshi kandi byinshi dushobora kwiga kandi bifitanye isano, kandi amaherezo dusanga isoko ryimitungo itimukanwa rigiye rwose kugera aho ihindagurika, ni ukuvuga ko idashobora gutera imbere muburyo bunini cyangwa ngo igwe muri a ukwezi.
Isoko rya lift ubu ryishingikirije hejuru ya 80% kumasoko yimitungo itimukanwa, nubwo hariho gusimbuza inzitizi zishaje no kuvugurura inyubako zishaje hamwe na lift, ariko iyi nayo ni imyitwarire yisoko. Isimburwa rya lift kuva mu myaka cumi n'itanu ishize kugeza ishyirwaho ry’imibare, nk’uko amakuru y’urusobe rw’abashinwa abitangaza, mu myaka cumi n'itanu ishize mu 2000, umusaruro w’igihugu wa buri mwaka ni 10000 gusa, naho mu myaka icumi ishize, urenga 40000 gusa. Muri 2013, yageze ku bihumbi 550, bivuze ko umusaruro wa lift no kugurisha biterwa cyane nisoko ryimitungo itimukanwa. Gusimbuza ingazi zishaje ntibizarenga ibihumbi mirongo itanu kumwaka mumyaka itanu iri imbere.
Ubushinwa bufite inganda zikora hafi ya 700, kandi ubushobozi bwuzuye ni ibihumbi 750 ku mwaka. Muri 2013, ubushobozi bwikirenga bwari ibihumbi 200. Noneho niba umusaruro wa lift no kugurisha bigabanuka kugera ku bihumbi 500 cyangwa munsi ya 2015, isoko rya lift yo murugo izakora iki?
Turareba amateka yinganda zizamura. Mubushinwa, isoko rya lift hamwe ninganda byatangiye kubaka muri 50. Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, mu gihugu hari impushya 14 zo gukora inganda zo kuzamura inzitizi mu gihugu, kandi kugurisha inzitizi muri 70 ntibyari munsi y’ibice 1000. Mu mpera za 90, igurishwa rya lift ryageze ku 10000 ku mwaka, naho umwaka ushize rigera ku bihumbi 550.
Dukurikije isesengura ry’isoko rya macro, isoko ry’imitungo itimukanwa n’isoko rya lift, inganda zo kuzamura mu Bushinwa nazo zizinjira mu gihe cyo guhinduka, kandi iki gihe cyo guhindura ntabwo ari uguhindura gusa umusaruro rusange n’isoko rya lift, ariko bizaba igihombo gikomeye kubigo bimwe byasigaye inyuma ninganda nto.
Niba igihe cyo guhindura isoko ryimitungo kije, noneho ihinduka ryinganda zizamura nazo zizaza. Kandi hazabaho ingaruka zikomeye ku mishinga ya lift itagaragara mu iterambere ryacu, ifite ingaruka mbi kandi ikiri inyuma kurwego rwikoranabuhanga.
Mu muryango, dukeneye gutekereza kuburyo twabaho neza ejo hazaza, kandi uruganda rugomba no kureba uko rwabaho ejo hazaza. Iyo ihinduka ryisoko ryimitungo itimukanwa rije, niba inganda zizamura ubwazo zidatekereza, ntizitegure, ntizitabe ingamba, ubwo ntituzashobora kwiteza imbere, cyangwa no kubaho.
Nibyo, guhangayika nabyo birashoboka, ariko ni ngombwa kwitegura.
Inganda zo kuzamura Ubushinwa zateye imbere byihuse kugeza ku isoko rya mbere ku isi no kwamamaza, ariko mu byukuri ntitwashoboye kurenga ku bicuruzwa mpuzamahanga by’imashini. Twahoraga dutezimbere inganda zo kuzamura hamwe na Amerika n'Uburayi n'Ubuyapani, bitajyanye n'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza. Ubushinwa bugomba kugira tekinoroji ya lift iyobora isi, nkibisekuru bya kane bidafite icyuma cya mashini nka tekinoroji yimashini yose, dukeneye gukomeza gutera imbere mubitekerezo, dukeneye ubushakashatsi niterambere, dukeneye gukorera hamwe.
Guhura nubukungu bukomeye hamwe nimpinduka yisoko ryimitungo itimukanwa, uriteguye kubikemura? Witeguye guhangana nubucuruzi bwawe? Ese abo dukorana mu nganda biteguye guhangana nacyo?
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-04-2019